Summary of research paper by C. White, Weisman and Dalo, published in the Annals of Pharmacotherapy, on January 12, 2023.
This comprehensive literature review investigates the potential benefits and risks of using psychedelics as a treatment for patients with cancer. The paper examines the historical use of these substances, their pharmacological mechanisms, and their potential to alleviate cancer-related distress, including anxiety, depression, and existential distress. Additionally, it outlines the limitations and potential risks associated with the use of psychedelics in cancer patients.
Psychedelics, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, and dimethyltryptamine (DMT), have been used throughout history in various cultural and religious contexts for their mind-altering effects. In the mid-20th century, research on the therapeutic effects of these substances began to emerge, with a focus on their potential for treating mental health issues. However, the political and social climate of the 1960s and 1970s led to the prohibition of these substances, which greatly hindered scientific investigation. Recently, there has been a resurgence in interest in the therapeutic potential of psychedelics, particularly for patients with cancer.
The potential therapeutic effects of psychedelics can be attributed to their pharmacological action on the serotonergic system in the brain, primarily through the activation of the 5-HT2A receptor. This activation leads to changes in perception, cognition, and emotions, which may facilitate new perspectives and insights in patients. In the context of cancer, these effects can help patients process their diagnosis, confront existential distress, and improve their overall well-being.
Several clinical trials have shown the potential benefits of psychedelic therapy for cancer patients. The use of psilocybin and LSD has been linked to reductions in anxiety, depression, and existential distress. These improvements have been observed in both immediate and long-term follow-ups, with some effects persisting for up to 12 months after treatment. Furthermore, these benefits are often accompanied by a profound sense of connection, meaning, and spirituality, which can contribute to a patient’s overall well-being.
However, it is essential to consider the potential risks and limitations of using psychedelics in cancer patients. While these substances have a relatively low risk of addiction and physical harm, they can cause psychological distress, such as anxiety, paranoia, and hallucinations. Additionally, there are specific contraindications for certain patient populations, such as those with a history of psychosis or other severe mental health conditions. Furthermore, the current literature is limited by small sample sizes, a lack of control groups, and potential biases.
In conclusion, the use of psychedelics for patients with cancer holds promise for alleviating cancer-related distress, such as anxiety, depression, and existential distress. The pharmacological mechanisms of these substances suggest that they can facilitate new perspectives and insights, which may help patients process their diagnosis and improve their overall well-being. However, it is crucial to consider the potential risks and limitations associated with the use of psychedelics in this population. Further research is needed to establish best practices for psychedelic-assisted therapy and determine which patients may benefit the most from this approach.